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Forecasting industrial emissions: a monetary approach

Yang DONG, Yi LIU, Jining CHEN, Yebin DONG, Benliang QU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 734-742 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0451-6

摘要： Forecasts of industrial emissions provide a basis for impact assessment and development planning. To date, most studies have assumed that industrial emissions are simply coupled to production value at a given stage of technical progress. It has been argued that the monetary method tends to overestimate pollution loads because it is highly influenced by market prices and fails to address spatial development schemes. This article develops a land use-based environmental performance index (L-EPI) that treats the industrial land areas as a dependent variable for pollution emissions. The basic assumption of the method is that at a planning level, industrial land use change can represent the change in industrial structure and production yield. This physical metric provides a connection between the state-of-the-art and potential impacts of future development and thus avoids the intrinsic pitfalls of the industrial Gross Domestic Product-based approach. Both methods were applied to examine future industrial emissions at the planning area of Dalian Municipality, North-west China, under a development scheme provided by the urban master plan. The results suggested that the L-EPI method is highly reliable and applicable for the estimation and explanation of the spatial variation associated with industrial emissions.

关键词： industrial emissions environmental performance index spatial planning industrial land use

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PM₁₀ emissions from industrial coal-fired chain-grate boilers

Xinghua Li, Junzan Han, Lei Duan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0966-y

摘要： Industrial coal-fired boiler is an important air pollutant emission source in China. The chain-grate boiler is the most extensively used type of industrial coal-fired boiler. An electrical low-pressure impactor, and a Dekati Low Pressure Impactor were applied to determine mass and number size distributions of PM at the inlet and the outlet of the particulate emission control devices at six coal-fired chain-grate boilers. The mass size distribution of PM generated from coal-fired chain-grate boilers generally displays a bimodal distribution that contains a submicron mode and a coarse mode. The PM in the submicron mode for burning with raw coal contributes to 33%±10 % of PM emissions, much higher than those for pulverized boilers. And the PM in the submicron mode for burning with briquette contributes up to 86 % of PM emissions. Multiclones and scrubbers are not efficient for controlling PM emission. Their average collection efficiencies for sub-micron particle and super-micron particle are 34% and 78%, respectively. Operating conditions of industrial steam boilers have influence on PM generation. Peak of the submicron mode during normal operation period is larger than the start-up period.

关键词： coal-fired chain-grate boiler PM₁₀ size distribution particulate emission control devices size-dependent collection efficiency

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调整产业结构降低碳排放强度的国际比较及经验启示

郭士伊,刘文强,赵卫东

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第6期页码 22-32 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.06.010

摘要：

研究发达国家通过调整产业结构降低碳排放强度，对我国实现碳达峰、碳中和目标具有重要的参考意义。本文以主要发达国家为研究对象，剖析碳排放总量、人均碳排放、碳排放强度、产业结构变化特征，据此获得调整产业结构降低碳排放的经验启示。自 1965 年以来，通过产业转移、科技创新、服务业升级，发达国家普遍形成了“脱钩型”产业结构，即支撑经济增长的同时降低碳排放的产业结构，但同时出现了“制造业空心化”的新问题。针对我国产业结构所处的工业化进程尚未完成、高耗能行业占比较大等现实国情，研究建议积极培育新能源等新兴产业，发挥数字经济在产业结构优化升级中的潜力；坚决防止“制造业空心化”，在确保产业链、供应链安全的前提下，统筹协调国内外产业转移，以此推动产业空间布局优化并促进新发展格局形成。

关键词：产业结构碳排放强度人均碳排放国际比较脱钩

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适应西北地区工业城镇特征的工业建筑环境保障技术研究

王怡,吴松恒,杨洋,黄艳秋 ,曹智翔 ,周宇,刘雅琳

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第2期页码 198-207 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.02.017

摘要：

我国城镇化发展进入新阶段，探索工业城镇绿色发展的差异化路径，对于破解地区经济发展与宜居环境之间的矛盾具有积极意义；西北地区工业城镇中依赖矿产资源禀赋的高污染、高能耗型重工业企业众多，加强高污染散发类工业建筑的空气环境治理，旨在提高污染源头控制效率、改善岗位作业环境质量、降低工业建筑环境控制能耗。本文辨识了西北地区工业城镇的资源禀赋与产业特征，明确了开展工业建筑环境治理的基本背景；从大气环境质量、工业建筑室内空气质量控制两方面分析了西北地区工业城镇多尺度空气环境关键问题。在此基础上，系统论述了适应西北地区工业城镇特征的工业建筑环境保障技术体系，涵盖污染物源头捕集能效提升技术、室内空间环境高效通风气流组织新模式、污染物高效除尘净化技术、工业建筑节能综合技术。研究总结了所提创新技术成果的适用性及推广价值，还可配套管理、监测层面的新举措，积极运用智能化技术以增强应用成效。

关键词：西北地区；工业城镇；工业建筑；环境保障；高污染散发；减污降碳协同

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Correlation between carbon emissions and energy structure –Reliability analysis of low carbon target

Ben HUA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 214-220 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0133-7

摘要： The influence of energy intensity on carbon intensity depends upon the fraction of energy mixes with high carbon emissions in the total energy mixes . The correlation of with a variety of primary energy mix fractions and technology advances such as CCS and CCHP is analyzed and deduced. Taking the long-term carbon reduction target in 2050 settled upon by the Copenhagen Agreement and the mid-term target suggested by the “450 Scenes Program” of the International Energy Agency (IEA) as constraints, the new pattern of the energy transition of the world in 2020, 2030, and 2050 are estimated and figured out. The peak value of energy consumption will lag behind the peak value of carbon emissions; the world energy structure shifting point will be in 2020–2025. Estimates show that China’s mid-2020 and long-term targets of energy-saving and emission reduction announced by the Chinese government might be achieved.

关键词： correlation carbon emissions energy consumption high carbon emissions energy mix target of emission reduction reliability

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Carbon capture for decarbonisation of energy-intensive industries: a comparative review of techno-economic feasibility of solid looping cycles

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期页码 1291-1317 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2151-5

摘要： Carbon capture and storage will play a crucial role in industrial decarbonisation. However, the current literature presents a large variability in the techno-economic feasibility of CO₂ capture technologies. Consequently, reliable pathways for carbon capture deployment in energy-intensive industries are still missing. This work provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art CO₂ capture technologies for decarbonisation of the iron and steel, cement, petroleum refining, and pulp and paper industries. Amine scrubbing was shown to be the least feasible option, resulting in the average avoided CO₂ cost of between 62.7

€·t CO 2 − 1

for the pulp and paper and 104.6

€·t CO 2 − 1

for the iron and steel industry. Its average equivalent energy requirement varied between 2.7 (iron and steel) and 5.1

MJ th ⋅ kg CO 2 − 1

(cement). Retrofits of emerging calcium looping were shown to improve the overall viability of CO₂ capture for industrial decarbonisation. Calcium looping was shown to result in the average avoided CO₂ cost of between 32.7 (iron and steel) and 42.9

€·t CO 2 − 1

(cement). Its average equivalent energy requirement varied between 2.0 (iron and steel) and 3.7

MJ th ⋅ kg CO 2 − 1

(pulp and paper). Such performance demonstrated the superiority of calcium looping for industrial decarbonisation. Further work should focus on standardising the techno-economic assessment of technologies for industrial decarbonisation.

关键词： industrial CO₂ emissions CCS deployment carbonate looping net-zero industry carbon capture benchmarks

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Reducing CO emissions from the rebalancing operation of the bike-sharing system in Beijing

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 262-284 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0168-y

摘要： With the development of the bike-sharing system (BSS) and the introduction of green and low carbon development, the environmental impacts of BSS had received increasing attention in recent years. However, the emissions from the rebalancing of BSS, where fossil-fueled vehicles are commonly used, are usually neglected, which goes against the idea of green travel in a sharing economy. Previous studies on the bike-sharing rebalancing problem (BRP), which is considered NP-hard, have mainly focused on algorithm innovation instead of improving the solution model, thereby hindering the application of many existing models in large-scale BRP. This study then proposes a method for optimizing the CO₂ emissions from BRP and takes the BSS of Beijing as a demonstration. We initially analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of BSS, especially the flow between districts, and find that each district can be independently rebalanced. Afterward, we develop a rebalancing optimization model based on a partitioning strategy to avoid deciding the number of bikes being loaded or unloaded at each parking node. We then employ the tabu search algorithm to solve the model. Results show that (i) due to over launch and lack of planning in rebalancing, the BSS in Beijing shows great potential for optimization, such as by reducing the number of vehicle routes, CO₂ emissions, and unmet demands; (ii) the CO₂ emissions of BSS in Beijing can be reduced by 57.5% by forming balanced parking nodes at the end of the day and decreasing the repetition of vehicle routes and the loads of vehicles; and (iii) the launch amounts of bikes in specific districts, such as Shijingshan and Mentougou, should be increased.

关键词： bike-sharing CO₂ emissions environmental benefit partitioning strategy rebalancing problem

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Greenhouse gas emissions mitigation and economic viability of sugar crops in China

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023529

摘要：

● Sugarcane and sugar beet yield and carbon footprint rose with time but profit declined

关键词： Economic profits GHG emissions labor input nitrogen input sugar

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Decomposition analysis applied to energy and emissions: A literature review

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 625-639 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0270-4

摘要： Decomposition analysis has been widely used to assess the determinants of energy and CO₂ emissions in academic research and policy studies. Both the methodology and application of decomposition analysis have been largely improved in the past decades. After more than 50 years’ developments, decomposition studies have become increasingly sophisticated and diversified, and tend to converge internally and integrate with other analytical approaches externally. A good understanding of the literature and state of the art is critical to identify knowledge gaps and formulate future research agenda. To this end, this study presents a literature survey for decomposition analysis applied to energy and emission issues, with a focus on the period of 2016–2021. A review for three individual decomposition techniques is first conducted, followed by a synthesis of emerging trends and features for the decomposition analysis literature as a whole. The findings are expected to direct future research in decomposition analysis.

关键词： index decomposition analysis structural decomposition analysis production decomposition analysis energy CO₂ emissions

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Impacts of inter-sectoral trade on carbon emissions—a case of China in 2007

Xiuqi FANG, Benyong WEI, Yuan WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 387-402 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0396-9

摘要： With the increase in international trade, more attention has been given to quantifying the impacts of international trade on energy use and carbon emissions. Input-output analysis is a suitable tool for assessing resources or pollutants embodied in trade and it has become a critical tool for performing such analysis. This study estimated the national and sectoral carbon emissions embodied in Chinese international trade using the latest available China input-output table of 2007. The results showed that a significant exporting behavior of embodied carbon emissions existed in China’s trade. Over 1/3 of the emissions in Chinese domestic production processes were generated for exports in 2007. The net balance of emissions embodied in exports and imports accounted for nearly 30% of China’s domestic emissions, which means that any policy made to increase the exports would result in a significant growth of China’s domestic emissions. Since over half of China’s export trade is processing trade, the re-exported emissions could not be overlooked; otherwise, it would hard to capture the actual emissions generated abroad to obtain China’s domestic consumption. The enlargement of export scale is a primary driven factor to the rapid growth of China’s exported emissions. It is necessary for China to adjust its economic and industrial structure to reduce the dependence of economic growth on the export trade. However, when adjusting industry structures or making policies on carbon emission reduction, it will be more reasonable to consider the relationship between production and consumption, rather than just focus on the emission values of sectors’ direct production, as a large part of carbon emissions emitted by the principal direct polluters were generated to obtain the products which were required by other sectors.

关键词： international trade carbon emissions input-output analysis China

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Field scale measurement of greenhouse gas emissions from land applied swine manure

Devin L. Maurer, Jacek A. Koziel, Kelsey Bruning

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0915-9

摘要： Greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) from swine production systems are relatively well researched with the exception of emissions from land application of manure. GHGs inventories are needed for process-based modeling and science-based regulations. Thus, the objective of this observational study was to measure GHG fluxes from land application of swine manure on a typical corn field. Assessment of GHG emissions from deep injected land-applied swine manure, fall and reapplication in the spring, on a typical US Midwestern corn-on-corn farm was completed. Static chambers were used for flux measurement along with gas analysis on a GC-FID-ECD. Measured gas concentrations were used to estimate GHGs flux using four different models: linear regression, nonlinear regression, first order linear regression and the revised Hutchinson and Mosier (HMR) model, respectively for comparisons. Cumulative flux estimates after manure application of 5.85 × 10 g·ha (1 ha= 0.01 km ) of CO , 6.60 × 10 g·ha of CH , and 3.48 × 10 g·ha N O for the fall trial and 3.11 × 10 g·ha of CO , 2.95 × 10 g·ha of CH , and 1.47 × 10 g·ha N O after the spring reapplication trial were observed. The N O net cumulative flux represents 0.595% of nitrogen applied in swine manure for the fall trial.

关键词： Climate change Emissions Greenhouse gases Land application Swine manure

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Abating transport GHG emissions by hydrogen fuel cell vehicles: Chances for the developing world

Han HAO, Zhexuan MU, Zongwei LIU, Fuquan ZHAO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 466-480 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0561-3

摘要：

Fuel cell vehicles, as the most promising clean vehicle technology for the future, represent the major chances for the developing world to avoid high-carbon lock-in in the transportation sector. In this paper, by taking China as an example, the unique advantages for China to deploy fuel cell vehicles are reviewed. Subsequently, this paper analyzes the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from 19 fuel cell vehicle utilization pathways by using the life cycle assessment approach. The results show that with the current grid mix in China, hydrogen from water electrolysis has the highest GHG emissions, at 3.10 kgCO₂/km, while by-product hydrogen from the chlor-alkali industry has the lowest level, at 0.08 kgCO₂/km. Regarding hydrogen storage and transportation, a combination of gas-hydrogen road transportation and single compression in the refueling station has the lowest GHG emissions. Regarding vehicle operation, GHG emissions from indirect methanol fuel cell are proved to be lower than those from direct hydrogen fuel cells. It is recommended that although fuel cell vehicles are promising for the developing world in reducing GHG emissions, the vehicle technology and hydrogen production issues should be well addressed to ensure the life-cycle low-carbon performance.

关键词： hydrogen fuel cell vehicle life cycle assessment energy consumption greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions China

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Control of hydrogen sulfide emissions using autotrophic denitrification landfill biocovers: engineering

Daoroong SUNGTHONG, Debra R. REINHART

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 149-158 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0324-4

摘要： Hydrogen sulfide (H S) emitted from construction and demolition waste landfills has received increasing attention. Besides its unpleasant odor, long-term exposure to a very low concentration of H S can cause a public health issue. In the case of construction and demolition (C&D) waste landfills, where gas collection systems are not normally required, the generated H S is typically not controlled and the number of treatment processes to control H S emissions in situ is limited. An attractive alternative may be to use chemically or biologically active landfill covers. A few studies using various types of cover materials to attenuate H S emissions demonstrated that H S emissions can be effectively reduced. In this study, therefore, the costs and benefits of H S-control cover systems including compost, soil amended with lime, fine concrete, and autotrophic denitrification were evaluated. Based on a case-study landfill area of 0.04 km , the estimated H S emissions of 80900 kg over the 15-year period and costs of active cover system components (ammonium nitrate fertilizer for autotrophic denitrification cover, lime, fine concrete, and compost), ammonium nitrate fertilizer is the most cost effective, followed by hydrated lime, fine concrete, and yard waste compost. Fine concrete and yard waste compost covers are expensive measures to control H S emissions because of the large amount of materials needed to create a cover. Controlling H S emissions using fine concrete and compost is less expensive at landfills that provide on-site concrete recovery and composting facilities; however, ammonium nitrate fertilizer or hydrated lime would still be more cost effective applications.

关键词： hydrogen sulfide emissions construction and demolition waste autotrophic denitrification landfill biocovers

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Review on the applications of Tropospheric Emissions Spectrometer to air-quality research: Perspectives

Yuxuan WANG, Yuqiang ZHANG, Jiming HAO,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 12-19 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0012-9

摘要： The Tropospheric Emissions Spectrometer (TES) aboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA’s) Aura satellite launched in July 2004 is the first satellite instrument to provide simultaneous retrievals of ozone (O) and carbon monoxide (CO) throughout the Earth’s lower atmosphere. This paper briefly reviews the TES instrument, the retrieval of O and CO profiles, and the validation of the retrievals. The applications of TES O and CO products include mapping the vertical and horizontal distribution of tropospheric O and CO and their correlations, examining the regional and continental outflow, and analyzing the variability of the two species associated with certain weather and climatic conditions, such as El Niño and the Asian monsoon. TES retrievals of O and CO offer an important new source of satellite data over China with good spatial and temporal coverage that can provide evaluation and constraints on the performance of chemical transport models in simulating the general features of ozone pollution over China. Special observations have been conducted and requests may be submitted to the TES team to make geographically focused observations of O and CO over China.

关键词： Tropospheric Emissions Spectrometer (TES) ozone carbon monoxide China

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Conservation and adaptive reuse of industrial heritage in Shanghai

ZHANG Song

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 481-490 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0065-4

摘要： This paper takes a retrospective review of the evolution of the conservation of industrial heritage in urban Shanghai since the 1990s within the context of the international industrial heritage conservation movement, with the emph

关键词： evolution industrial international industrial retrospective Shanghai